{"id":910,"date":"2018-02-10T09:02:51","date_gmt":"2018-02-10T02:02:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tapchidouong.com.vn\/?p=910"},"modified":"2018-02-10T09:02:51","modified_gmt":"2018-02-10T02:02:51","slug":"leu-tra%cc%a3i-nhu-lau-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/?p=910","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ea\u0300u tra\u0323i nh\u01b0 l\u00e2u \u0111a\u0300i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i da\u0300y c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0a k\u00ea\u0301t c\u00e2\u0301u l\u00ea\u0300u tra\u0323i va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng to\u0300a l\u00e2u \u0111a\u0300i nguy nga \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c t\u0103\u0323ng gia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c cao quy\u0301 Pritzker, trong m\u00f4\u0323t ti\u0300nh hu\u00f4\u0301ng h\u00ea\u0301t s\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1edaN L\u00caN TRONG TH\u1edcI LO\u1ea0N L\u1ea0C<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Frei Otto, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng la\u0300 Frei Otto, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i \u0111i ti\u00ean phong nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u va\u0300 th\u01b0\u0323c hi\u00ea\u0323n k\u00ea\u0301t c\u00e2\u0301u nhe\u0323 trong ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng. Sinh n\u0103m 1925 t\u1ea1i Siegmar (nay l\u00e0 Chemnitz, \u0110\u1ee9c), trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p – c\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc. Th\u01a1\u0300i ni\u00ean thi\u00ea\u0301u, ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 ch\u00edn n\u0103m theo h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Berlin (1931-1943). Khi qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh trong th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1944, Frei b\u1ecb go\u0323i v\u00e0o l\u00ednh. V\u00f4\u0301n h\u00f4\u0300i nho\u0309 m\u00ea ma\u0309i l\u0103\u0301p m\u00f4 hi\u0300nh m\u00e1y bay, anh v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u00e2m tr\u1eadn thi\u0300 Frei (trong ti\u00ea\u0301ng \u0110\u01b0\u0301c co\u0301 nghi\u0303a \u201ct\u01b0\u0323 do\u201d) b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng, bi\u0323 giam hai n\u0103m trong tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 binh \u1edf Chartres c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m Paris 90 km. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng, anh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, \u0111\u00ea\u0300 xu\u00e2\u0301t \u0111o\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn va\u0300 Frei b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u0323ng l\u1ec1u la\u0300m n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 cho ca\u0301c tu\u0300 binh. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c tra\u0309 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c, anh theo h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Berlin, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 (1950) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng sang M\u1ef9 tu nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eeda n\u0103m, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Erich Mendelsohn, Mies van der Rohe, Richard Neutra v\u00e0 Frank Lloyd Wright.<\/p>\n

\"\"Khu li\u00ean h\u01a1\u0323p th\u00ea\u0309 thao Olympic \u01a1\u0309 Munich<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1952 Frei \u041etto m\u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ri\u00eang, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bong b\u00f3ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u201cm\u00e0ng mo\u0309ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c c\u0103ng b\u0103\u0300ng c\u00e1p\u201d. N\u0103m 1954 \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 M\u00e1i treo c\u00e1p c\u0103ng<\/em>, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c ca\u0301c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng tri\u0300nh x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng ma\u0301i treo, l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00e1p c\u0103ng, \u00f4 d\u00f9, v\u00f2m, vo\u0309 khi\u0301 ne\u0301n\u2026 N\u00ea\u0301u x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, chu\u0301ng mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng n\u00ea\u0301u bi\u00ea\u0301t la\u0300m, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u d\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Theo \u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t la\u0300 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 khai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eeba t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u01b0\u0300a \u0111\u1eb9p v\u01b0\u0300a \u0111a n\u0103ng, cho n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi pha\u0309i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, pha\u0309i uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1eb3ng, pha\u0309i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, pha\u0309i \u0111a\u0309m ba\u0309o ti\u0301nh kinh t\u1ebf. N\u0103m 1957, vi\u0323 ti\u00ea\u0301n si\u0303 tre\u0309 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ta\u0323i Berlin Trung t\u00e2m C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Nh\u1eb9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, va\u0300 12 n\u0103m sau, c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Nh\u1eb9 thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Stuttgart.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG T\u00d2A L\u00c2U \u0110\u00c0I \u0110\u1ed8C \u0110\u00c1O<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Cung Tuwaiq \u01a1\u0309 Saudi Arabia<\/em><\/p>\n

Frei Otto \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1p c\u0103ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 che c\u00f4ng tri\u0300nh x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng. Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m co\u0301 le\u0309 va\u0300 tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh hi\u0300nh m\u00e2\u0303u \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m nh\u01b0\u0303ng khu nha\u0300 c\u00e2\u0301p th\u01a1\u0300i da\u0300nh cho na\u0323n nh\u00e2n vu\u0300ng g\u0103\u0323p thi\u00ean tai. Sang th\u00e2\u0323p ni\u00ean 1960, \u00f4ng say m\u00ea nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng g\u00e2n la\u0301 c\u00e2\u0443 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n\u2026 ma\u0323ng nh\u00ea\u0323n, t\u01b0\u0300 \u0111o\u0301 ru\u0301t ra tri\u00ea\u0301t ly\u0301: con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00ea\u0309 la\u0323i tr\u00ean m\u0103\u0323t \u0111\u00e2\u0301t nh\u01b0\u0303ng d\u00e2\u0301u v\u00ea\u0301t n\u0103\u0323ng n\u00ea\u0300 t\u01b0\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i cu\u0309a mi\u0300nh. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ta\u0301n th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ba to\u0300a pavilion c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cKhi\u00eau v\u0169\u201d (1955) thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh ph\u00f4\u0301 Cologne, c\u00e1c pavilion t\u1eeb \u0111o\u0301 cho t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng la\u0300m pavilion c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Montreal 1967 (Canada).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cu\u0309a \u0111\u01a1\u0300i \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Khu li\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 thao Olympic Munich 1972. N\u00ea\u0301u Olympic l\u00e2\u0300n tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c ta\u0323i n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0110\u01b0\u0301c Qu\u00f4\u0301c xa\u0303 (1936) \u0111\u00ea\u0309 Hitler ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi\u0300 khu li\u00ean h\u01a1\u0323p th\u00ea\u0309 thao Olympic Munich l\u00e2\u0300n na\u0300y ta\u0323o n\u00ean \u00e2\u0301n t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng tra\u0301i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c: \u0111\u0103\u0323t ta\u0323i m\u00f4\u0323t thao tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng cu\u0303 g\u00e2\u0300n b\u01a1\u0300 bi\u00ea\u0309n, m\u0103\u0323t b\u0103\u0300ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2\u0301y gi\u0300 la\u0300m r\u00f4\u0323ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t ma\u0301i che nhe\u0323 nho\u0303m co\u0301 \u0111u\u0309: nha\u0300 thi \u0111\u00e2\u0301u, s\u00e2n v\u00e2\u0323n \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng ch\u01b0\u0301a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 80.000 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i, b\u00ea\u0309 b\u01a1i, trung t\u00e2m pha\u0301t thanh truy\u00ea\u0300n hi\u0300nh cho 54 \u0111a\u0300i, 20 pho\u0300ng h\u00e2\u0323u ky\u0300, 80 pho\u0300ng cho ca\u0301c nha\u0300 bi\u00ean t\u00e2\u0323p va\u0300 bi\u0300nh lu\u00e2\u0323n\u2026 T\u00f4\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0309u v\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4\u0301i \u0111a v\u00ea\u0300 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 nhe\u0323 nho\u0303m thanh thoa\u0301t, hoa\u0300nh tra\u0301ng nh\u01b0ng d\u00ea\u0303 thu do\u0323n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0, v\u00ea\u0300 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00ea\u0300 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ma\u0300 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4\u0309ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt t\u01b0, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1982, sau khoa\u0309ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301, g\u00e2\u0300n ba n\u0103m thi c\u00f4ng (1983-1985), Otto la\u0300m cung Tuwaiq \u01a1\u0309 Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), m\u00f4\u0323t c\u00f4ng tri\u0300nh \u0111a c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, v\u01b0\u0300a la\u0300 c\u00e2u la\u0323c b\u00f4\u0323 cho ca\u0301c nha\u0300 ngoa\u0323i giao, v\u01b0\u0300a la\u0300 \u0111i\u0323a \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c nh\u01b0\u0303ng li\u00ean hoan v\u0103n ho\u0301a. Co\u0300n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1i Oekohaus \u1edf Berlin (1988), nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4n ta\u0323o va\u0300 hoa\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0323n m\u00f4\u0323t cung \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n \u1edf Tbilisi c\u1ed5 ki\u0301nh. Otto cu\u0303ng chi\u0301nh la\u0300 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c s\u01b0 Shigeru Ban \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n pavilion t\u1ea1i Expo n\u0103m 2000 \u1edf Hanover (\u0110\u01b0\u0301c). \u0110o\u0301 la\u0300 c\u00f4ng tri\u0300nh cu\u00f4\u0301i \u0111\u01a1\u0300i cu\u0309a \u00f4ng va\u0300 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng ta\u0301c ph\u00e2\u0309m giu\u0301p Shigeru Ban nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Pritzker 2014. \u00d4ng l\u1eebng danh ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u01b0\u0323 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u0103n n\u1eafp nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t xe h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eafc n\u00e9t th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"Pavilion Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Expo n\u0103m 2000 \u1edf Hanover<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Otto c\u00f2n tham gia gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 xu\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0309n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch: K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o<\/em> (1962), H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u2013 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o \u2013 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> (1979), K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em> (1982), Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/em> (1988)\u2026 N\u0103m 1980, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bath (Anh) phong Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Danh s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01af\u1ee2C GI\u1ea2I NH\u01afNG CH\u01afA K\u1ecaP NH\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sa\u0301ng ta\u0323o cu\u0309a Otto \u0111a\u0303 mang la\u0323i cho \u00f4ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u gia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cao quy\u0301 trong li\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c: huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Thomas Jefferson (mang t\u00ean vi\u0323 t\u00f4\u0309ng th\u00f4\u0301ng th\u01b0\u0301 ba cu\u0309a n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c My\u0303, 1974), gia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng Aga Khan (mang t\u00ean thu\u0309 li\u0303nh tinh th\u00e2\u0300n cu\u0309a Saudi Arabia, hai l\u00e2\u0300n 1980, 1998), gia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng Wolf v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (cu\u0309a Israel, 1996-1997), Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng RIBA (c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ea\u0323n Ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh, 2005), gia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a Hoa\u0300ng gia Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n (2006) va\u0300 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Pritzker 2015. \u00d4ng la\u0300 ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u0301 40 va\u0300 la\u0300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, sau Gottfried B\u00f6hm.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Pritzker – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u201cgi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng – th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng ba h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2015 nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n vi\u0300 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u01a1\u0323i. Frei Otto qua \u0111\u1eddi h\u00f4m 9-3-2015, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 89 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu gi\u1ea3i Pritzker 2015.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gia\u0309i Pritzker \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00ed l\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ma\u0301i treo ca\u0301p c\u0103ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u0103c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u1ecbp b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m l\u0129nh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean tai. N\u00ea\u0301u c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi khi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n

D\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nhe\u0323, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00edt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Frei Otto \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 noi theo, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang ti\u0301nh ca\u0301ch ma\u0323ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd co\u0300n t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

NGUY\u00caN \u0110\u0102NG<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i da\u0300y c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0a k\u00ea\u0301t c\u00e2\u0301u l\u00ea\u0300u tra\u0323i va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng to\u0300a l\u00e2u \u0111a\u0300i nguy nga \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c t\u0103\u0323ng gia\u0309i th\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ki\u00ea\u0301n tru\u0301c cao quy\u0301 Pritzker, trong m\u00f4\u0323t ti\u0300nh hu\u00f4\u0301ng h\u00ea\u0301t s\u01b0\u0301c \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t\u2026 L\u1edaN L\u00caN TRONG TH\u1edcI LO\u1ea0N L\u1ea0C Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Frei Otto, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d4ng la\u0300 Frei Otto, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[176,175],"class_list":["post-910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-song","tag-leu-trai-nhu-lau-dai","tag-ong-frei-otto"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=910"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/910\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":916,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/910\/revisions\/916"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}