{"id":4972,"date":"2020-11-16T16:36:47","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T09:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/?p=4972"},"modified":"2020-11-16T16:36:47","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T09:36:47","slug":"lich-su-phat-trien-va-nguon-goc-xuat-xu-cua-cay-ca-phe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/?p=4972","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u00ec v\u00f4 v\u00e0n, th\u1ef1c hay h\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u00edt ai th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft ly k\u1ef3, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i d\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i khi gi\u1ecdt c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec7n nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean ch\u0103n d\u00ea t\u00ean Kaldi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Abyssinia v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n d\u00ea c\u1ee7a anh ta. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e0n d\u00ea c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2y l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi Kaldi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, anh li\u1ec1u \u0103n th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n h\u1eb3n l\u00ean, anh ng\u1edd ng\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 b\u00e8n b\u00e1o ngay cho v\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 tu kia s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef n\u00ean l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u1ee9t v\u00e0o l\u00f2 l\u1eeda (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a xem lo\u00e0i d\u00ea l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 Satan n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i d\u00ea \u0103n g\u00e2y hoang mang cho nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y), th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 kia ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m t\u1ecfa ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i th\u01a1m l\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 kia m\u1edbi tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf ban t\u1eb7ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i k\u00eau th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u0103ng l\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp tay. H\u1ecd \u0111em rang l\u00ean, gi\u00e3 nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i pha v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u00e2n.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Gusitafu \u0111\u1ec7 tam mu\u1ed1n th\u1eed xem c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng b\u00e8n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft hai anh em t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh \u0111ang giam trong ng\u1ee5c m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho u\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y hai l\u1ea7n, th\u1eed xem h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft ra sao? \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, hai t\u1eed t\u00f9 kia qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n 80! V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea,\u2026<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Kaffa (Ethiopia ng\u00e0y nay) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IX \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 mang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1eeb Ethiopia sang x\u1ee9 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi t\u1eadn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft rang c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m giao d\u1ecbch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng Mocha, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mokka, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Al Mukha thu\u1ed9c Yemen ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t minh ra lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0: Ch\u1ec9 mang h\u1ea1t ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 rang ch\u00edn,ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho b\u00e9n m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e9n l\u00fat mang h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed9t xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y mang v\u1ec1 th\u1eed tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Java (khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1723, m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean De Clieu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec9 ph\u00e9p \u1edf Paris, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111em c\u00e2y n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 Martinique n\u01a1i anh tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng. Sau nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n De Clieu c\u0169ng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi 3 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 canh g\u00e1c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. H\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m sau, Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh gay g\u1eaft v\u1edbi H\u00e0 Lan, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ecd nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Brazil \u0111\u1ee9ng ra d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 Brasil mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Brasil, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Trung, Nam M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u1edbn b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1660 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Amsterdam, B\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh chi\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 New York, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng quen thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u trong khi tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1773, khi Anh Ho\u00e0ng George \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u ch\u1edf tr\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Boston Tea Party \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 nghi\u00eang qua u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1875, gi\u1ed1ng Arabica \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p mang t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3o Bourton sang tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00f3 lan ra c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, B\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea1ch, \u2026 Sau thu ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u201cArabica du Tonkin\u201d, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. Sau khi chi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u01b0 Chi N\u00ea, Xu\u00e2n Mai, S\u01a1n T\u00e2y ch\u00fang canh t\u00e1c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c du canh du c\u01b0 n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 400 \u2013 500 kg\/ha nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 100 \u2013 150kg\/ha khi c\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, Ph\u00e1p du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hai gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1ed1i (C. robusta) v\u00e0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u00edt ( C. mitcharichia) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1908 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh (1910), Y\u00ean M\u1ef9 (1911, Thanh Ho\u00e1), Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00e0n (1915, Ngh\u1ec7 An). Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (1946 \u2013 1966) \u0111\u1ea1t 13.000 ha.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1925, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, sau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 ha, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1980 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t 23.000 ha, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u tr\u00ean 6000 t\u1ea5n. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 180 ngh\u00ecn ha v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 200 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c 350 ngh\u00ecn ha v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 450 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n (VICOFA, 2002).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eadn s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1994 \u1edf Brazil \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n cung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c th\u00e2m canh, chuy\u00ean canh, \u2026 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng nhanh, trung b\u00ecnh 23,9%\/n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u0103m 2000 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 516,7 ngh\u00ecn ha, chi\u1ebfm 4,14% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ec9 sau hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u00faa (chi\u1ebfm 61,4%) v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 (chi\u1ebfm 5,7%).<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 90 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean 20%\/n\u0103m (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1994, 1995, 1996 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 48,5%, 45,8% v\u00e0 33%). N\u0103m 2000, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 520 ngh\u00ecn ha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t 800 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n. N\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1980, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 23 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 83 l\u1ea7n. M\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ecdi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm 8% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, chi\u1ebfm 25% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Robusta l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi hai t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u0103kL\u0103k v\u00e0 Gia Lai, mang l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thu nh\u1eadp cao cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. G\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u2026<\/p>\n

Theo traceverified.com<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u00ec v\u00f4 v\u00e0n, th\u1ef1c hay h\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u00edt ai th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft ly k\u1ef3, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i d\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i khi gi\u1ecdt c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea3m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"0","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,16],"tags":[1074,473,94,2023,2022],"class_list":["post-4972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-do-uong-va-suc-khoe","category-tieu-diem","tag-ca-phe","tag-ca-phe-robusta","tag-ca-phe-viet-nam","tag-lich-su-phat-trien","tag-nguon-goc-xuat-xu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4972"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4979,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4972\/revisions\/4979"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/douongvietnam.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}